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The Other Side of Normal: How Biology Is Providing the Clues to Unlock the Secrets of Normal and Abnormal Behavior Kindle Edition

4.4 4.4 out of 5 stars 130 ratings

Psychiatry has ignored the normal. The focus on defining abnormal behavior has obscured what turns out to be a more fundamental question—how does the biology of the brain give rise to the mind, which in turn gives rise to everything we care about: thoughts, feelings, desires, and relationships?

In The Other Side of Normal, Harvard psychiatrist Jordan Smoller shows us that understanding what the mind was designed to do in the first place demystifies mental illness and builds a new foundation for defining psychiatric disorders—from autism to depression. Smoller argues there are no bright lines between normal and abnormal. Psychiatric disorders are variations of the same brain systems that evolved to help us solve the challenges of everyday life.

How do we become who we are? Smoller explains where our personalities come from, and how the temperaments we had as infants actually stay with us into adulthood. Why do we choose to date, love, and marry the people we do? Why do some of us form healthy relationships while others form unstable ones? Our relationships are shaped by the biology that drives two imperatives: maternal-child bonding and child-parent attachment.

Along the way, Smoller tackles an even greater question—what do we mean by "normal"?—as he explores the puzzles behind the epidemics of multiple personalities and koro, the shocking phobia that one's penis is shrinking. He also looks at the controversial history of psychiatric classification and the explosive debates over how much early experiences influence our minds and to what degree genetics affect our temperaments, personalities, and emotional lives. Throughout this examination, Smoller explores the hidden sides of such questions as: How are trust and love rooted in biology? How much does sexual attraction stem from biology rather than culture? And what can the scientific study of normal behavior tell us about what it means to be human?

Based on the author's groundbreaking research and personal experiences treating psychological disorders, The Other Side of Normal changes the way we think about the human condition.

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Editorial Reviews

From Booklist

Enlisting research in evolutionary biology, genetics, and psychology, along with advances in molecular neuroscience and neuroimaging, Harvard psychiatrist Smoller redefines the biology of normal. Genetic variation, natural selection, environment, and unique individual experiences coalesce in molding our social and emotional selves. He considers the neural basis of social cognition, empathy, and even love, both the romantic and maternal varieties. Smoller maps out the biology of disgust, resiliency, and fear and then correlates these phenomena with anatomical areas of the brain—the insula, hippocampus, and amygdala, respectively. We learn that our memories get resculpted. And that oxytocin, a peptide hormone consisting of a measly nine amino acids, works like a love potion in women and also stimulates trust. In the fetching chapter The Brain of the Beholder: Beauty and Sexual Attraction, we find out that evolution seems to favor symmetrical facial features and statistically middling appearances rather than an exotic visage. In the worlds of psychiatry and neuroscience, normal is hardly average nor necessarily an ideal state but, rather, a landscape of human possibility. --Tony Miksanek

Review

“Move over Oliver Sacks - I couldn’t put this fascinating book down! Path-breaking and witty, as entertaining as it is informative, The Other Side of Normal is filled with insights into why we behave as we do and how biology determines so much of our emotional makeup. A brilliant mind and dazzling writer, Smoller has written a book that will change the way you look at every day life.” — Amy Chua, Yale Law Professor and New York Times bestseller Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother

“Exciting... provocative...Clearly and articulately, he ties evolutionary psychology, biological psychiatry, animal behavior, and related fields into a package of rare coherence.” — Publishers Weekly (starred review)

“Highly interesting and accessible study of brain science and behavior....This thoroughly documented work provides enough information to satisfy the science-savvy without leaving the rest of us behind....Readers will be fascinated.” — Library Journal

“An informative overview of research in neuroscience that provides a scientific foundation for understanding mental disorders.” — Kirkus Reviews

“Smoller redefines the biology of normal.” — Booklist

“Are we born crazy, or is crazy thrust upon us? Smoller investigates.” — Denver Post

Product details

  • ASIN ‏ : ‎ B0068M2IXQ
  • Publisher ‏ : ‎ William Morrow; Reprint edition (May 8, 2012)
  • Publication date ‏ : ‎ May 8, 2012
  • Language ‏ : ‎ English
  • File size ‏ : ‎ 5110 KB
  • Text-to-Speech ‏ : ‎ Enabled
  • Enhanced typesetting ‏ : ‎ Enabled
  • X-Ray ‏ : ‎ Not Enabled
  • Word Wise ‏ : ‎ Enabled
  • Sticky notes ‏ : ‎ Not Enabled
  • Print length ‏ : ‎ 643 pages
  • Customer Reviews:
    4.4 4.4 out of 5 stars 130 ratings

About the author

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Jordan W. Smoller
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Jordan Smoller is Professor of Psychiatry at Harvard Medical School and Professor in the Department of Epidemiology at the Harvard School of Public Health.

Customer reviews

4.4 out of 5 stars
4.4 out of 5
130 global ratings

Top reviews from the United States

Reviewed in the United States on June 11, 2012
Contrary to a review recently posted by GregJS, the "self-proclaimed central issue" of this book was not, to my read, a commentary on the socio-cultural aspects of defining normal. That sort of debate often centers on the idea that "normal" is a social construction; for instance, if we were all to decide tomorrow that walking on our hands was normal, then feet-walkers would suddenly be abnormal, and so normal is just what we decide it is. If you are looking for THAT commentary, GregJS is right, you'll be disappointed.

This book, instead, takes a good, hard look at "abnormal," as defined by psychology and psychiatry (think back to your "Abnormal Psychology" class in college), and makes the reader think hard about what abnormal actually is (and isn't). Jordan Smoller, the author of _The Other Side of Normal_ is a psychiatrist and epidemiologist, he is on the faculty at Harvard Medical School, and he's published a lot of research on the genetics of psychiatric disorders. And the book is very much written from that perspective (except maybe it's written much more clearly, and speaks to the layperson a lot more easily than you might expect from a Harvard professor). It includes a very very broad review of what we know about how biology contributes to human behavior. And the author suggests that in understanding how the brain is wired to do "normal" things (e.g., like respond to a dangerous encounter in a dark alley with a fight or flight instinct), we can better understand what psychology/psychiatry identify as "abnormal" (e.g., like anxiety disorders whereby people have that 'fight or flight' feeling, even when they're not in a dark alley and there's no one dangerous around). Then he goes one step further, and says that because of this, the line between normal and abnormal is actually very blurry (he uses the metaphor that I loved: twilight, the blurry line between day and night... there's no one second where you can say that it's no longer day, and has turned to night... similarly, who's to say when a normal fear of snakes should be called a phobia, or a normal sexual desire should be called a fetish, or a normal problem maintaining relationships should be called an attachment disorder- all of these are covered nicely in the book).

GregJS misinterpreted the intention of the book, and was disappointed. So who WILL enjoy this book? I would say that this book is good for you if:
1) You're interested in human behavior and psychology either because it's a topic that you're naturally drawn to, or because you or someone you know has a mental health disorder; AND
2) You may not be a science whiz, but you have some understanding of basic human biology (mostly neurobiology and genetics)- either from high school or college human biology, or even a psychology class at some point (the book does go into the biology a little bit, and if you don't at least know that the brain has different areas with distinct functions, or that you get half your genes from your mother and half from your father... you might be lost); AND
3) You have a good sense of humor. The book is peppered with humorous stories and witty one-liners that will keep you on your toes.

Jordan Smoller had quite a challenge in writing this book- it seems like he was trying to present brain biology and psychology in a way that would be understandable -and even enjoyable- to the layperson. I think he rose to that challenge. I learned quite a bit reading the book, but it was the kind of easy learning that comes when you're enjoying the process. Remember that class you took, with the professor that was funny and likable and told great stories, and you learned so much just by sitting and listening? That's what this book is like.
29 people found this helpful
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Reviewed in the United States on November 30, 2017
Dr. J.Smoller’s Book, The Other Side of Normal, is a lengthy but comprehensive narrative about the birth and development of the human personality. From the start, the author lays down the basic premises: Our personalities are formed and shaped by our evolution, by the genes we inherited from our parents and by the experience we acquire through our growth. Being a stout believer in Darwin’s evolution, he details how our brains are wired by what our ancestors went through to survive .

Of course, the major role played by Freud in personal development is well known; in particular we remember his stress on children’s formative years , especially the first five, and the effect on the child’s adulthood (“ the neglected child is a shy adult”) . It is worthy to note here that the other famous psychologist, John Watson, took issue with Freud, believing that experience throughout life ( and not only in the first five years ) leaves its mark on one's personality.

While Smoller’s above premisses were generally accepted, the question arose as to how did modern psychiatry manage to handle people's growing number of disorders? The fact is, not too well, at least initially. With a large list of disorders emerging there was considerable confusion . When one doctor (David Rosenhan) sent three normal men to a psychiatric hospital to test admissions ( hoping they will be dismissed ), not only were they admitted but were diagnosed as schizophrenic!! Naturally, everyone was alarmed, and immediately work started on a strict diagnostic system, called DSM. After years of refinement and five revisions, now DSM5 is considered the most important book in Psychiatry. ( Meanwhile, the three normal men admitted to the psychiatric hospital spent three weeks trying to convince the doctors that they were really sane and should be released.)

Equally annoying and confusing was (is) the question of what exactly is normal?? Psychiatry has struggled with this issue with somewhat unsatisfying results. Would normal in Europe and the US also be considered normal in China and India? Where do we draw the line between normal and abnormal? Would it be a solid line or does one fade into the other like day and night ? The renowned American psychologist, Willian James, believes that the best way to define normal is by studying the abnormal .

Sadly, in spite of many refinements, psychiatry continues to struggle with concepts and definitions. Critics still insist that normal is related to cultural factors. And just because a disorder is on the DSM diagnostic list does not make the person abnormal. After all, many disorders are transient in nature (e.g. depression) and do not qualify as chronic or life threatening.
11 people found this helpful
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Reviewed in the United States on May 25, 2013
Easy read with a great overview that brings together all the current evidence regarding neuro-science, developmental psychology, biology and allowed me to put the pieces together. As a graduate student in mental health counseling, we are called upon to understand those influences that impact behavior and we can often be isolated from the psychiatrists that focus on brain chemistry and dance with various theorists that put more weight on a favorite model to explain behavior. In this book the reader is offered a scientific model that integrates knowledge to support the validity and there for appreciation of the multitude of influences that impact our thinking and behaviors. I enjoyed the book and would recommend it to any one, clinical or non clinical in their exposure to the topic. The ideal that normal has to be considered on a continuum and the obvious pitfalls in DSM diagnosis has always been somewhat obvious, however this book is dedicated to much broader horizons and is the sort of book that should be required reading in a psych 101 class. Great book for anyone.
4 people found this helpful
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Top reviews from other countries

Francis Shaw
4.0 out of 5 stars Interesting
Reviewed in Germany on December 15, 2020
An enjoyable work. Moves along without getting too bogged down. Some older, often repeated research results mixed in with more recent data. Readable and interesting.
Dragan
5.0 out of 5 stars It is easy to read
Reviewed in Canada on November 17, 2015
My wife brought this book from the library, I read it and said "I have to own this book!". It is easy to read, but it still provides very serious content. The author wrote it in a story telling style, pulling the reader into it with eyes wide open.
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