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Viral Hate: Containing Its Spread on the Internet Kindle Edition

3.8 3.8 out of 5 stars 23 ratings

Emboldened by anonymity, individuals and organizations from both left and right are freely spewing hateful vitriol on the Internet without worrying about repercussions.Lies, bullying, conspiracy theories, bigoted and racist rants, and calls for violence targeting the most vulnerable circulate openly on the web.And thanks to the guarantees of the First Amendment and the borderless nature of the Internet,governing bodies are largely helpless to control this massive assault on human dignity and safety. Abe Foxman and Christopher Wolf expose the threat that this unregulated flow of bigotry poses to the world.They explore how social media companies like Facebook and YouTube, as well as search engine giant Google, are struggling to reconcile the demands of business with freedom of speech and the disturbing threat posed by today's purveyors of hate. And they explain the best tools available to citizens, parents, educators, law enforcement officers, and policy makers toprotect thetwin values of transparency and responsibility. As Foxman and Wolf show, only an aroused and engaged citizenry can stop the hate contagion before it spirals out of control - with potentially disastrous results.

Editorial Reviews

From Booklist

The speed, ease, and vitality of communication via the Internet have made it exponentially easier to find and spread hatred, from incitement to kill doctors who provide abortion services to attacks on Jews and Muslims. Foxman, director of the Anti-Defamation League, and Wolf, an Internet privacy lawyer, cite numerous instances of hatred fueled by websites, chat rooms, social media, and video and audio downloads. Racists, anti-Semites, misogynists, homophobes, and other haters use websites, some of them cloaked in apparent legitimacy, for recruitment and communication between like-minded individuals and for collaboration in acts of violence. The authors point to tactics ranging from broad circulation of racist jokes to threats on individuals to games that offer attacks on women and members of racial and ethnic groups. The global reach of the Internet and the profusion of U.S. and international laws protecting online speech add to the difficulty of balancing free-speech rights and protection against hateful speech and incitement to violence. Foxman and Wolf explore the complex issues and the idea of getting Google and Yahoo to more carefully monitor offensive content. --Vanessa Bush

Review

“Abe Foxman and Chris Wolf have done a remarkable job in Viral Hate of balancing important concerns about freedom of expression with a blunt look at how the Internet can distort those freedoms to undermine a democratic society that we cherish. This is a significant book that will provoke discussion and the good news is that it is thoroughly readable as well.” ―Mike McCurry, former Press Secretary to President Bill Clinton, Partner, Public Strategies Washington

“At a time when many question whether the First Amendment is up to the challenge of hate speech in a borderless medium, Foxman and Wolf argue that fealty to first principles must remain the lodestar. While the global Internet may have amplified the voices of hate, it has also enriched the responses available in our constitutional tool box. Our capacity for counter speech, education, and responsible action is now unbounded. It is now up to all who benefit from the open Internet to heed the call.” ―Leslie Harris, President, CEO, Center for Democracy & Technology

“The tradeoff between freedom of speech on the one end and the right to be protected from vicious wide spread hatred and bigotry on the other end was never more essential, more challenging, more urgent, and more tricky than it is today. The internet being, for better or worse, the ever-biggest propagation engine in history, makes it all the more critical. This tricky balance is thoroughly discussed by Abe Foxman and Christopher Wolf. A must read.” ―Yossi Vardi, Founding Investor, ICQ (Computer Instant Messaging Program)

Product details

  • ASIN ‏ : ‎ B00BRALE20
  • Publisher ‏ : ‎ St. Martin's Press (June 4, 2013)
  • Publication date ‏ : ‎ June 4, 2013
  • Language ‏ : ‎ English
  • File size ‏ : ‎ 1.1 MB
  • Text-to-Speech ‏ : ‎ Enabled
  • Screen Reader ‏ : ‎ Supported
  • Enhanced typesetting ‏ : ‎ Enabled
  • X-Ray ‏ : ‎ Not Enabled
  • Word Wise ‏ : ‎ Enabled
  • Print length ‏ : ‎ 256 pages
  • Customer Reviews:
    3.8 3.8 out of 5 stars 23 ratings

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Abraham H. Foxman
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Abraham H. Foxman is National Director of the Anti-Defamation League. He is world-renowned as a leader in the fight against anti-Semitism, bigotry and discrimination. Born in Poland in 1940, Mr. Foxman was saved from the Holocaust by his Polish Catholic nursemaid. He joined ADL in 1965.

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3.8 out of 5 stars
23 global ratings

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Top reviews from the United States

  • Reviewed in the United States on July 29, 2013
    VIRAL HATE is must read for elected officials, law enforcement, those involved in internet businesses and others so that they can recognize hate and do more to prevent it. The authors note that "the law is a relatively weak tool," but they point out more that needs to be done by everyone. Hate can spread like "cockroaches" and, like cockroaches, can cause horrible damage, It's not true that only "sticks and stones' can hurt, words can hurt and can be very dangerous.
    4 people found this helpful
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  • Reviewed in the United States on October 10, 2013
    The content was not what I was looking for. I then looked at the authors and realized why....don't waste your time. They complain about everything, but the catch is....what they are complaining about is what they are doing. The difference: one is print and the other is on the net.
    8 people found this helpful
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  • Reviewed in the United States on June 25, 2013
    Foxman and Wolf have done a great service here by offering us a penetrating examination of the problem of online hate speech while simultaneously explaining the practical solutions necessary to combat it. Some will be dissatisfied with their pragmatic approach to the issue, feeling on one hand that the authors have not gone far enough in bringing in the law to solve these problems, while others will desire a more forceful call for freedom of speech and just growing a thicker skin in response to viral hate. But I believe Foxman and Wolf have struck exactly the right balance here and given us a constructive blueprint for addressing these vexing issues going forward.

    Foxman and Wolf explain why -- no matter how well-intentioned -- legal solutions aimed at eradicating online hate will not work and would raise serious unintended consequences if imposed. They argue that hate speech laws could backfire and have profound unintended consequences. Beyond targeted laws that address true threats, harassment, and direct incitements to violence, Foxman and Wolf argue that "broader regulation of hate speech may send an 'educational message' that actually weakens rather than strengthens our system of democratic values." That's because such censorial laws and regulations undermine the very essence of deliberative democracy -- robust exchange of potential controversial views -- and leads to potential untrammeled majoritarianism. Worse yet, legalistic attempts to shut down hate speech can end up creating martyrs for fringe movements and, paradoxically, end up fueling conspiracy theories.

    Their book explains why the best approach to online hate is a combination of education, digital literacy, user empowerment, industry best practices and self-regulation, increased watchdog / press oversight, social pressure and, most importantly, counter-speech. "[T]he best anecdote to hate speech is counter-speech - exposing hate speech for its deceitful and false content, setting the record straight, and promoting the values of respect and diversity," they note. Or, as the old saying goes, the best response to bad speech is better speech. Accordingly, they outline a variety of voluntary best practices that online operators could take to empower users to speak out again hateful or harassing speech.

    In striking this sensible balance, Foxman and Wolf have penned the definitive book on how to constructively combat viral hate in an age of ubiquitous information flows.

    [Note: My complete review of Foxman & Wolf's book can be found on the Technology Liberation Front blog.]
    13 people found this helpful
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  • Reviewed in the United States on August 31, 2013
    Excellent content and well written.... VALUABLE information for all who use a computer.... the internet and social media...must read for all!
    2 people found this helpful
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  • Reviewed in the United States on September 4, 2013
    Discussing what to do about hate speech online is like discussing what to do about a genocidal dictator in a foreign country. Agreeing that it's loathsome, and the world would be better off without it, is easy. Agreeing that getting rid of it will be a challenge (do it wrong, and the side-effects may turn out to be worse than the original problem) is also easy. Figuring out how to get rid of it, and what price you're willing to pay in order to do so, is mind-bendingly hard.

    The authors of Viral Hate spend roughly two-thirds of their 180 pages of text covering the easy stuff. They explain, with a lawyerly concern for precision and detail, what hate speech is, why it damages society, how government attempts to regulate it have collided with the First Amendment to the Constitution, and why private entities (which can limit speech as they see fit) have considerably more power and latitude to act. They catalog the extensive gray areas that make all but the most extreme forms of hate speech difficult to regulate, and outline the abundant reasons why overzealous regulation of hate speech has the potential to abridge freedom of speech, conscience, and assembly. All that, however, takes up a great deal of space, and leaves Foxman and Wolf correspondingly little time to articulate a solution. They outline the framework--"self-policing" of hate speech in online "public squares" by the users themselves, backed by companies willing to frame (and enforce) community norms--but the details are left as an exercise for the reader.

    This unwillingness to engage with the details diminishes the book in two critical ways. First, it implies that the working-out of those details will be a straightforward, organic process: that unofficial governing bodies will emerge naturally from online communities numbering in the thousands or millions, that definitions of "hate speech" can (despite the gray areas) be crowd-sourced unproblematically, and that the side-effects of whatever mechanisms and definitions emerge will be negligible. Second, it implies that the self-regulation of speech in online communities has never been seriously attempted--that Wikipedia, Slashdot, Reddit, and the rest (as well as the work of those who have thought about them) have nothing to teach us. Neither is true, and readers with a serious interest in online communities and how they operate will be frustrated by Foxman and Wolf's airy, seat-of-the-pants approach to problems that Sherry Turkle, Jaron Lanier, and Clay Shirky (among others) have been thinking about--seriously and systematically, with close attention to the fine texture of the real thing--for decades.

    Foxman and Wolf come from the world of law and public policy, and they've written a book that delves deeply into what they know and glides lightly over what they don't. That is, perhaps, to be expected, but it serves neither the needs of readers, nor the realities of a complex problem, well. Add a star to my rating if you're brand-new to debates about free speech and censorship; subtract one if you know how Potter Stewart defined pornography.
    6 people found this helpful
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Top reviews from other countries

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  • Clarita Costa Maia
    5.0 out of 5 stars Importância do entendimento do discurso de ódio nas redes
    Reviewed in Brazil on December 16, 2024
    Livro esclarecedor e fundamental, sobretudo neste momento em que a liberdade de expressão tem sido utilizada como escudo protetor para debates abusivos
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  • Damaskcat
    4.0 out of 5 stars Viral Hate
    Reviewed in the United Kingdom on February 28, 2017
    This is an interesting book about the spread of hate on the internet and how it can be controlled in very limited ways. It also covers the ways in which ordinary people can help to combat the insidious spread of racism and other forms of discrimination. The authors concentrate on the spread of anti-Semitism but what they say is applicable to any forms of hate speech, incitements to violence and cyber bullying.

    Readers need to bear in mind that the authors primarily concentrate on the situation in the US. The law in the UK is rather different as, for example, cyber bullying can be prosecuted as a criminal offence here. In the US there is a need to use other laws and address the such problems in a comparatively roundabout way. Racism, misogyny, homophobia are more difficult to combat in the US than in the UK.

    Of course the internet is international and therefore presents its own problems as all countries have different laws. This book examines several well known legal cases in the US which aren't well known in the UK and shows how invidious hate speech can be and how easy it is for it to make converts. The authors suggest that individuals should not try to engage in rational debate with bigots as it is impossible to have any sort sensible discussion with them. Posting links to reliable alternative points of view is probably the most you can do.

    The book consists of half text and the rest is a collection of appendices on various topics, notes and an index. While some at least of the book is not relevant to the UK as the legal situation is rather different here it still makes thought provoking reading and may make some readers think twice before they make throwaway comments online which they would not make if face to face with a real person.

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