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RHNS Averof: Thunder in the Aegean Kindle Edition
Built at Livorno in 1910, the 10,000-ton RHNS Averof was the flagship—and largest warship—of the Royal Hellenic Navy until 1951. More than a century after its construction, she is still afloat, one of just three armored cruisers still in existence in the world. Originally intended for the Italian navy, the ship was bought by Greece and soon saw her first action in the Balkan Wars. In the Battle of Cape Helles, Averof inflicted heavy casualties on the Turkish fleet, following it up with a victory in the Battle of Lemnos.
In the 1920s the ship was refitted in France with modern armament replacing her obsolete torpedo tubes with more anti-aircraft guns. When the Germans overran Greece in World War Two, Averof escaped to Alexandria, dodging attacks by the Luftwaffe, despite Admiralty orders that she be scuttled. In 1941, she escorted a convoy to India, being the first Greek vessel in Indian waters since the time of Alexander the Great, and continued escort duties throughout the war.
In 1945, Averof was laid up on the island of Poros and neglected until 1984 when the Greek Admiralty decided to resurrect the ship. After years of slow refitting and preservation, the ship is now moored at Phaleron on the coast of Athens as a floating naval museum.
Providing full technical specifications and operational history, including details of her restoration, John Carr draws on firsthand accounts of the officers and men to relate the long and remarkable career of this fine ship.
- LanguageEnglish
- PublisherPen & Sword Maritime
- Publication dateJune 9, 2014
- File size22906 KB
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- ASIN : B00ONZQ8ZE
- Publisher : Pen & Sword Maritime (June 9, 2014)
- Publication date : June 9, 2014
- Language : English
- File size : 22906 KB
- Text-to-Speech : Enabled
- Screen Reader : Supported
- Enhanced typesetting : Enabled
- X-Ray : Not Enabled
- Word Wise : Enabled
- Sticky notes : On Kindle Scribe
- Print length : 218 pages
- Best Sellers Rank: #1,959,074 in Kindle Store (See Top 100 in Kindle Store)
- #296 in Military Vehicle History
- #2,017 in Military Naval History
- #3,292 in Conventional Weapons & Warfare History (Books)
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RHNS "Averof" was built in Livorno at the Orlando Bros shipyards according to the most advanced naval architecture of the time, was completed in 1910 and was bought by the Greeks with the crucial help of a renowned Greek arms dealer while archenemy Turkey also wanted her badly in order to modernize its navy, and made a desperate bid to acquire her. At 10,200 tons "Averof" was one of the largest vessels ever to enter service in the Greek navy from antiquity to the present time (and quite unlikely to be surpassed in the foreseeable future!), and therefore the flagship. Soon saw action in the Balkan Wars and played a crucial role in two great naval battles near the entrance of the Dardanelles: the Battle of Cape Helles (December 1912) and the Battle of Lemnos (January 1913). These two battles resulted in the Turkish fleet (or what was left of it) to be bottled up for good in the Sea of Marmara and the whole Aegean to pass under Greek control thereafter. The two naval battles were so important that the Greek navy regularly named some of its most prestigious vessels after them, a habit that was kept even in the 1980s with the first two new Kortenaer class frigates been purchased from the Netherlands.
After a major refit and modernisation in 1920 at Toulon, France, "Averof" became a pawn in the hands of military figures who attempted revolutions, coups and counter-coups. When the Germans overran Greece in 1941, she managed to escape to Alexandria despite the fact that the Luftwaffe had almost total control of the air in the Aegean Sea, and despite the fact that the Chief of Naval Staff ordered her to be scuttled! After reaching Egypt, she then escorted a few convoys into the Indian Ocean but gradually became of limited value because she remained a coal-fired warship in an era of oil-fired fast destroyers, cruisers, battleships and aircraft carriers and her modernisation was judged as too expensive for her remaining lifetime. Thus she spent most of her time docked in India and when she returned back to Egypt in 1944 she became again the scene of mutinies organized by communists among her crew. In 1945 the Averof was laid up at the small island of Poros and neglected for almost 40 years. Then, after years of refitting and preservation, she was moored at Phaleron bay, Athens, as a floating naval museum where it remains until the present day.
The book contains some minor mistakes (like that of the ship's guns' caliber being 9.5 in instead of 9.2 in, or that the officers of the "Averof" were sentenced in 1942 up to 20 years of imprisonment in India, whence these sentences were enforced only to junior ranks of mutineers) and has a nice collection of 5 maps and 55 b&w images. This as a very good account of a little-known but extremely lucky and important ship and it will probably be very interesting for people who plan to visit Greece and have the chance to board this old warrior of the seas.
It is an unusual subject and so worth the purchase.
The Averof was briefly in Constantinople; being Greek and being on board and sailing into the port must have been wonderful, even if it did not last. The book by no means stops there. Naval officers were involved in political intrigue during the interwar period, and as flagship (even if no longer much of a naval threat) the Averoff was involved, or more precisely its officers. With the coming of the German invasion, the Averof slipped out to Crete and then Alexandria, and spent the war in India and the Red Sea, doing convoy duty and sitting in port. The ship was lucky in not being sunk by German bombers as it fled to Alexandria. Near the end of the war came difficulty, as the crew mutinied under Communist instigation; this was dealt with in interesting ways but it was the British who ended it. The Averof eventually sailed back to Greece and was inert during the violence of the civil war and later military dictatorship--but it was the military who decided to invest in the Averof's restoration, after the ship spent a good many years decaying at dock.
The ship gradually interested more and more people and came to be seen as an important Greek symbol, and hence the current status of a floating museum. There's a nice section of photos showing the ship and some of the restored areas such as the captain's cabin and the officer's suite.
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The whole account is so inaccurate and biased in favour of Greece as to be embarrassing. In the Balkan wars, to Mr Carr the Turks and Bulgarians played a similar role to wicked and luckless indians as depicted in old 1950's hollywood 'Cowboys and Indians' movies. There are few references of any kind and much of the text relies on the memoirs of two Greek admirals- Koundouriotis and Sakellariou- between the lines its clear that both were really rather unpleasant fellows and such men are hardly likely to have been unbiased and objective observers!
I knew we were in trouble when the great English naval constructor Sir William White is referred to as 'Admiral William White'. Throughout, ships are called battleships, pre- Dreadnoughts or cruisers seemingly at random. The author particularly favours 'cruiser' and the three old coast defence battleships of the Hydra class are so called throughout. Mr Carr even calls the Turkish battleship Turgut Reis a cruiser at the battle of Helles. It should not be difficult to correctly designate the ships in a 'fleet' of just four vessels.(much later, even the British battleship Barham is referred to as a cruiser). This sort of thing does matter rather a lot since obviously the characteristics and role and of cruisers is fundamentally different from battleships- obvious to a naval enthusiast like myself, anyway, and if you call your book 'RHNS Averof' naval enthusiasts will be the ones who incline to buy it. Such people will at once note that the main barbettes of Averof would not have been a mere 40mm thick- they were actually 160mm. They may also know that the 'cruiser' Frth-i-Bulend sunk at at Thessaloniki was actually an 1870's coastal defence ironclad. And so on.
In that war the Turks did not cover themselves in glory at sea, but their casualties at lemnos were just over 200- not 500 and 'about half dead'. The idea that two hardly conclusive naval engagements with no ships sunk actually decided the war plainly lacks any credibility. Then, immediately before the outbreak of war in 1914 Churchill requisitioned the battleships Sultan Osman 1 and Reshadiye, just completed for Turkey in England. Mr Carr again takes a naive and simplistic view, describing this as 'a neat piece of chicanery, not far removed from outright theft'. It was not- it was allowed for in the contracts, and since Turkey, with its German trained army, would almost certainly have sided with Germany anyway (against Russia) imagine the furore THAT would have caused in Britain! The British government also requisitioned the battleship 'Canada' from Chile, and that was not 'stolen'- it was returned to Chile after the war.
The rest of this book is really a brief history of Greek politics from the 1920's until modern times, in which Averof makes occasional brief appearances. Unfortunately it's a most unedifying tale of revolution, coups, and the vicious treatment of Greeks by other Greeks. Averof played her part in the misery though, remarkably, she survived WW2. All told, this is a story in two parts, the first a jingoistic account of the Balkan wars, the second a sad tales of domestic political strife- overall, the first half is infuriating whilst the second is just not very enjoyable to read..
book content was hard to read and told you about the troubles in Greece and not about the ship