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The Face of War Kindle Edition
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For nearly sixty years, Martha Gellhorn’s fearless war correspondence made her a leading journalistic voice of her generation. From the Spanish Civil War in 1937 through the Central American wars of the mid-eighties, Gellhorn’s candid reporting reflected her deep empathy for people regardless of their political ideology. Collecting the best of Gellhorn’s writing on foreign conflicts, and now with a new introduction by Lauren Elkin, The Face of War is a classic of frontline journalism by “the premier war correspondent of the twentieth century” (Ward Just, The New York Times Magazine).
Whether in Java, Finland, the Middle East, or Vietnam, she used the same vigorous approach. “I wrote very fast, as I had to,” she says, “afraid that I would forget the exact sound, smell, words, gestures, which were special to this moment and this place.” As Merle Rubin noted in his review of this volume for The Christian ScienceMonitor, “Martha Gellhorn’s courageous, independent-minded reportage breaks through geopolitical abstractions and ideological propaganda to take the reader straight to the scene of the event.”
- LanguageEnglish
- PublisherAtlantic Monthly Press
- Publication dateDecember 9, 2014
- File size5926 KB
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Editorial Reviews
Review
“An eloquent, unforgettable history of a chaotic century.” —Jeffrey Rodgers, The San Francisco Chronicle
“Reading Martha Gellhorn for the first time is a staggering experience: How is it possible to have been so ignorant for so long of a writer who has written so passionately about so much—the terrible victory of Franco, the fall of Czechoslovakia, of Poland, the liberation of Paris from the Nazis, the brutality of the civil war in El Salvador? She is not a travel writer, or a journalist or a novelist: She is all of these, and one of the most eloquent witnesses of the twentieth century.” —Bill Buford, Granta
“A vivid, militant book by an intense and merciful writer.” —Edward Weeks, The Atlantic Monthly
“One of the best correspondents whom the War produced, and today her articles are as fresh as striped shirts returned from the wash.” —The New Statesman
“One great value of the book is that to the young who have not known war firsthand it will show the price paid in human misery when men seek to settle their disputes by force.” —Saturday Review
“Compelling . . . [Gellhorn’s essays] bear witness to horrifying atrocities, but they also delight with lyrical prose, touches of humor and a well-drawn thrill or two that the author experienced firsthand.” —Publishers Weekly
From the Back Cover
"A brilliant anti-war book that is as fresh as if written for this morning. Seldom can a correspondent assemble past writings from various locations and watch a clear pattern emerge, yet her pieces fall into place in a grand design."-Herbert Mitgang, The New York Times
Martha Gellhorn was born in St. Louis, Missouri, in 1908. She was married to Ernest Hemingway from 1940 to 1946 and T. S. Matthews from 1954 to 1963. She was a war correspondent for Collier's Weekly of New York from 1937 to 1946 and for The Guardian of London from 1966 to 1967. In addition to her journalism, she wrote seven novels and four short-story collections. In 1958 she was the recipient of an O. Henry Award. Ms. Gellhorn lived most of her life in London.
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- ASIN : B00V8SS9QK
- Publisher : Atlantic Monthly Press; Reprint, Subsequent edition (December 9, 2014)
- Publication date : December 9, 2014
- Language : English
- File size : 5926 KB
- Text-to-Speech : Enabled
- Screen Reader : Supported
- Enhanced typesetting : Enabled
- X-Ray : Enabled
- Word Wise : Enabled
- Sticky notes : On Kindle Scribe
- Print length : 418 pages
- Best Sellers Rank: #540,401 in Kindle Store (See Top 100 in Kindle Store)
- #366 in Adventure Travel (Kindle Store)
- #426 in American Literature Anthologies
- #855 in American Fiction Anthologies
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On pp. 151-152, Ms. Gellhorn writes "On the night of New Year's Day, I thought of a wonderful New Year's resolution for the men who run the world: get to know the people who only live in it."
This was something she wrote on the first day of January, 1945, which was over 68 years ago. Things haven't changed much since then -- as Ms. Gellhorn predicted they wouldn't in her coverage of conflicts from the Spanish Civil War up to and through Reagan's interventions in both El Salvador and Nicaragua.
Before I ran across Ms. Mandelstam's suggestion, I originally thought of titling my review "Read this book at your own risk!" -- or "Read this book and weep."
Why? Because I suspect you'll feel a similar shame while reading it. Shame as an American, certainly. But also shame as a human being. The history of our species is not a pretty one. And THE FACE OF WAR begins only with the Spanish Civil War!
Martha Gellhorn is no knee-jerk liberal. She's a solid, unflinching liberal -- by conviction. And her conviction is the result of first-person observation, investigation and inquiry. In other words, not of hearsay or conjecture.
At the end of May, I read and reviewed Naomi Klein's THE SHOCK DOCTRINE. In my opinion, that book could sit side by side with this one on the same shelf of woe. Both women are profoundly competent journalists. Both are the kind of journalist we need more of -- unflinching, compassionate and, above all (for those who'd heed their prophetic words), intelligent.
I'll risk making the same recommendation I made with THE SHOCK DOCTRINE. Buy this book and read it cover to cover! As with Ms. Klein's book, we're talking history; but we're also talking (almost) current events. And although Martha Gellhorn is now dead, I feel certain that if she were still alive, she'd be observing, investigating, inquiring and writing about similar atrocities in Afghanistan and Iraq. After all, was George W. Bush's "shock and awe" qualitatively different from the Nazi doctrine of Schrecklichkeit ("frightfulness")?
Since I assume this review will be read -- if at all -- by Americans, I'll conclude it with a quote from p. 281 that speaks to us most directly: "(i)t is not easy to be the citizen of a Superpower, nor is it getting easier. I would feel isolated with my shame if I were not sure that I belong, among millions of Americans, to a perennial minority of the nation(: t)he obstinate bleeding hearts who will never agree that might makes right and (who) know that if the end justifies the means, the end is worthless."
R. I. P. at last, Ms. Gellhorn. You've earned it.
RRB
07/05/13
Brooklyn, NY
Martha Gellhorn wasn't a war correspondent out for scoops, like those who wrote for daily papers; in fact some of the articles collected here were killed by her editors. Like A.J. Liebling, she had the leisure to craft her stories, and that shows.
Her politics always leaned to the left, and (again unlike newspaper reporters) she didn't hesitate to take sides. In the Spanish Civil War she was on the Republican side, of course; toward the end of her career she was active in opposing the Reagan administration's involvement in Nicaragua. Her writing sometimes veers into polemic, but she did it well.
As a war correspondent she was certainly sui generis. In the best sense. A remarkable person, and the book is a good read.
Top reviews from other countries
This book is termed her masterpiece, for it has gone into many editions, with a new section being added every time she went to yet another theatre of war after the previous edition had gone to press. In all, she covered the Spanish Civil War, WWII, the Vietnam War, The Six-Day War, and the guerilla wars in El Salvador and Nicaragua. The dispatches she sent from the battle front, many of them published by Colliers Magazine, form the chapters in this book.
There are so many set pieces described from her grandstand view, tableaux of life at the battle front, that they are too numerous to include in this review. Suffice to say that this book is a collage of images that highlights the randomness by which winners and losers are picked during conflict; who will live, who will die, and who will be indiscriminately maimed. Flying fragments of shrapnel and bullets pick off body parts at random—a leg here, an arm there, a head here, a stomach there, an eye here, an ear there. Lives for the survivors are indelibly changed thereafter. Gellhorn miraculously escaped getting hurt during all her missions, testament perhaps to her divinely anointed role of witness to the atrocities of the 20th century.
Her condemnation of US complicity in the mini-wars around the world is total in several quotes:
• “These peasants had survived the Vietcong since 1957, on whatever terms, hostile or friendly, and the war however it came to them. But they cannot survive our bombs. Is this an honorable way for a great nation to fight a war 10,000 miles from its safe homeland?”
• “There is never enough money for life, though money can always be found for armaments, nuclear and conventional, and for our immense military establishments.”
• “We should stop calling ourselves the Free World and instead call ourselves the Free Enterprise World.” Totalitarianism is rejected but Authoritarianism is accepted.”
• “In 1823, the Monroe Doctrine established the claim that the U.S. had a backyard and the right to supervise it. Since 1909, when the U.S. ousted a popular Nicaraguan President, the American government has actively supported its own choice for President of Nicaragua, sending the marines if there was any sign of revolt. No American President denounced the long and real Somoza tyranny.”
Despite the desolation of war, there are some bright and philosophical spots in the book. Here is how she describes the life of a war correspondent: “Meantime you could sit on the sand with a book and a drink of sweet Italian rum and watch two British destroyers shelling Rimini, just up the coast; see German shells landing on the front three kilometers away; follow a pilot in a slowly sinking parachute, after his plane had been shot down; hear a few German shells whistle overhead to land two hundred yards farther down; and you were getting a fine sunburn and life seemed an excellent invention.” Or the outlook of a Jewish survivor: : “He was thinking of the future; he was thinking of the world that would be safe and honorable and free. It was amazing that he never commented on the Germans at all.” Or the words of the Polish spy tortured by the Germans: “It is possible that disgust can be greater than hate; that disgust can be the strongest emotion of all.”
Call her a bleeding heart leftist if you will, or a Zionist (she was unshaken in her support for Israel), but she was a very courageous woman, far ahead of her time. She served as witness to the unfairness in the world and was not daunted in writing about it, even if it cost her sanction or censor. Her concluding remarks attests to her belief in a better world just out of reach: “The state has fallen down on its job: instead of a fuller life, the state has led man to a haunted life. There has to be a better way to run the world and we better see that we get it."
Unfortunately, Martha Gellhorn did not live to see that better world.
Gellhorn's life could (and most certainly should) be the subject not of a movie, but to several ones. Born in the USA in the beginning of the XX Century, she was the daughter of a doctor and a social activist, both liberal and well educated, so they tried to instil this education into their three children. So they grew through their parents' ideals: anti all sorts of discrimination, for the vote of women, hard workers and intellectually curious.
Martha Gellhorn fared poorly at college – she was made for action, not for academic circles, and always keen on journalism, she pursued her career when she was barely a teenager. The decade of the thirties was for Gellhorn her education, and her life in those years makes one wonder how many hours her days had. Between 1930 and 1936: she went to Europe five times, living in France for long periods but travelling often to the UK, Italy and Switzerland; she support herself writing articles for Vanity Fair and other American magazines; through her mother's University contacts, she befriended Eleanor Roosevelt and visited the White House often; Gellhorn participated in the New Deal's programs of Franklin D Roosevelt, visiting four Estates under the coordination of Harold Hopkins and writing long reports on the economic conditions of the population; she published a book of fiction with four short stories based on the characters she met in her travels for the Government programs; with a French lover, who had very good looks but also a wife in France, she crossed the USA driving coast to coast and paying the journey by acting as an extra in movies.
And that was the “quiet” part of the decade. In 1937 she went to Spain (then going through a bloody civil war) from France, crossing the border by foot through the Pyrenees. Travelling in trains so crowded that often she had to stand for hours, she got to Barcelona and then to Madrid, where she supported the Loyalists side against the Franco / fascists army. In Madrid she met Ernest Hemingway, John Dos Passos and Robert Capa. She lived in hotels eating what and when she could, and avoiding the gunfire and the bombs by locking herself and hiding in hotel rooms for days at a time. After Spain she went to Czechoslovakia and the UK, where she lectured and warned (to no avail whatsoever) against the Nazi threat in the days prior to the German invasion of Poland – she called the English “criminally lazy” for the lack of reaction during the German armament. During all the war she reported for various American papers and managed to be in Normandy during D-Day and in Dachau when the Americans liberated the concentration camp.
That hectic activity made her character and helped to choose sides. She had grown in a middle-class family of professionals reading about the Jazz Age, the Rockefellers, the Morgans and the Gatsbys that made America the powerhouse of the world. But in the 1930s she discovered the other America, that of the Dust Bowl, the mass unemployment, the poverty and the hunger. Gellhorn could never fully understand how the nation that considered itself the “greatest power on earth” wasn't able to secure a home and cover the basic needs of its population. She never supressed nor invented, but she became the reporter always in the people's side.
And the other constant in her life as much as in her work (there is not much difference in the two) is that the permanent look at the abuse of power and the unjust use the Government make of the resources, political and financial (there is not much difference in those two) in relation with the citizens. She wondered then, and for the rest of her life, why the countries waste so much money; why it seems to be unlimited financial resources for some things, most of them useless, such as weapons, and so little for other ones, essential – such as food and housing.
The sixties started with a glow of hope. As most of her fellow citizens, Gellhorn liked the new President, John Kennedy and kept her hopes high (she wrote a very heartfelt letter to his widow when he died). Without knowing exactly why, she was invited to his inauguration and something worth of the Forrest Gump movie happened. While trying to mingle with the guests in the cocktail party after the swearing of the new mandatary, a valet approached Gellhorn and asked her if she would be available for a word in private with the President. Gellhorn, obviously surprised, replied that by all means. Taken to an adjacent room, John Kennedy appeared through a side door and greeted a still shocked Gellhorn. He spoke briefly about her work and mentioned he was aware of her many visits to the White House while President Roosevelt was its occupant. And then, lowering his voice, he asked Gellhorn to confirm if the legend was true that a secret passage had been built to enter and leave the White House unnoticed.
But for as much as she had hopes in the young President, she abhorred of his successor, Lyndon Johnson, and blamed him for the silly war in Vietnam. Gellhorn spent most of the decade denouncing the stupidity, the profound uselessness of the Vietnam so fiercely that she was banned to report from any American newspaper and her visas were constantly denied. She had to be enrolled in The Guardian and fly to South East from the UK to be able and report about the infamous Vietnam war.
In the seventies she saw, with joy, the fall of the fascist regimes of Greece, Portugal and Spain – she always kept a soft spot for Spain and managed to be in Madrid the same day that Franco died. In the eighties she reported, also relieved, on the fall of Communism in the Eastern countries of Europe.
Always belligerent with the abuse of power, the absolutism and, overall, the fascism, Gellhorn never fell for politics, never campaigned, never sided for a political party, never believed a promise made by a politician. Her motto was plain and simple and she repeated it, and wrote it, constantly: do not trust Governments. Follow their deeds, check their results – but do not believe their words, much less their promises.
In the nineties, with poor health, she started to work less and less and, already frail and with poor eyesight, she moved to England virtually retired. Yet she carried on travelling, his other undying passion until she died at 90 in London.
Martha Gellhorn always wanted to write, but she thought that she would be a novelist – all she wanted to be was a novelist. She published several works of fiction, but these are minor works – only “The trouble I've seen” is in print these days, and it is a four-part novelisation of her experiences in the America of the Great Depression, it can be read as a dramatized report. She will be remembered only for his superb journalism.
As for her writing, her style is simple, the prose plain. There are no grammatical fireworks, no puns of words, no acrobatics, no showy expressions, no artistic posing; much less clever quotes or intellectual tics. It's all plain language. And however, there's a sentence that comes attached to Martha Gellhorn in every book of hers, in every search online, in every virtual bookshop, and from there repeated ad nauseam in every review of her books: “she couldn't write a dull sentence”. I vehemently disagree. I think most of her sentences are dull, simple to an extreme. But it is the dullness of words that prevent us to stop and look into the language and focus in the story – it is this story, what happens to the people, what matters, not how it is told. Martha Gellhorn always put the story first and treated the style like a mirror: it is better the less we see it.
For this reason, what we get in the end is those wonderful, shocking, eye-opening reports: of America during the depression in 1934; about the tensions in Europe in the thirties – she denounced Hitler fiercely since 1931; in pre-war England in 1938; in a liberated concentration camp, Dachau, in 1945; in Palestine in 1950; during the nonsensical and paranoid McCarthyism of the Cold War America in the fifties; in Vietnam in 1968; in Poland under the communist boot.
Her articles on travelling (gathered in the also magnificent "Travells with myself and another") are priceless. In a long piece – 120 pages - on a travel to Africa (all the way from the West to the East coast during almost four months) she stays away from a painting a postcard and, yet again, writes what she sees. She is confronted in Embassies, Post Offices and hotel lobbies by French for being American; by blacks for being white; by Muslim men for being a woman, by public servants for not bribing them. The Africa she met (already well into the Sixties and with colonialism already retreating) is all terrible roads, killer mosquitoes and black satraps who dressed as whites so they can fool better the blacks. Her description of the many dictators is priceless: men who get to power (one way or the other, often violently) promising welfare for the people. When no welfare is seen, then they claim they've become a powerful nation – i.e. a nuisance for the world. Those are the days of late colonialism and the countries, already savaged, are being gradually left to the mercy of War Lords and, where there's oil, the multinationals companies. Of religions she stays away for a simple reason she explains in one line – none whatsoever has managed to avoid the hate, the divisions and the massacres in most African countries along many centuries.
And in a century plagued with atrocities, Gellhorn was a reporter, the reporter for the people. Her conclusions on war (on any war) always lead to the same ending: wars happen always after politicians make silly decisions during a silly length of time and after they've spent silly amounts of money in arms. They put the country in the verge of a war and then they claim they claim they have no option but to enter in the war.
We understand the world much better now and its many problems thanks to reporters like Martha Gellhorn, who only told us, and beautifully, what she saw. And exactly that: without suppressing not inventing anything.
For someone to start reading her, and as she was known as a war reporter, “The Face of War”, a collection of war reports along almost all the XX Century is a must and an essential book, perhaps the best. Every piece is excellent, but the one of the Dachau's liberation by the allied is chilling and next to the masterpiece of Primo Levi “If this is a man”, one of the best humanist reflections of the Nazi horror.
Gellhorn belongs to a brave breed of honest writers which is near to be extinghished. John Pilger and the late Robert Fisk belong to that class. Gellhorn was revered by these men, and most deservedly so. Someone said newspapers are the first draft of history. Gellhorn's work do masterly fulfill that sentence.
So what we have here is a superb book weakened by innumerable typos. Gellhorn deserves better. So does the reader.
But buy the book anyway; you won't regret it.