In various peer reviewed journals, this author has shown that expanding systems perform lost work. That being an irreversible energy transfer from the expanding system into the surrounding atmosphere, as defined by [Wlost=(PdV)atm]. This is really the upward lifting of some of our atmosphere’s mass, i.e., an atmospheric potential energy increase. Therefore, no expanding system here on Earth can be considered an isolated system. Since the second law was written for isolated systems, then it does not apply to any useful systems here on Earth’s surface, i.e., the second law is a false postulate. Throughout this book, we will not simply bedevil our past, rather we will demonstrate that much of what has been claimed in the guise of entropy and the second law, can be better explained by combining fundamental principles with constructive logic. In so doing, we will clearly show why entropy still lacks clarity, even nearly 170 years after its inception. It will be discussed that statistical ensembles are actually based upon the illusion of elastic collisions, as is witnessed in numerous experimental systems. Accordingly, it will be shown that statistical arguments are secondary to the new logical sequences as presented in this book. It will be further discussed how at its most fundamental level, isothermal entropy change and its numerous associations with accepted thermodynamics, are all enshrined a well-hidden circular argument. New understandings will include kinetic theory, perpetual motion, the ideal gas law, Avogadro’s hypothesis, latent heats, solubility, physical chemistry, blackbody radiation and temperature-pressure relationships. For example, a new kinetic theory is presented, one that is a superior fit to known empirical findings. A theory that requires none of the exceptions that traditionally accepted kinetic theory relies upon. This will then lend itself to other new realizations, such as molecular collisions (both inter and intra) are inelastic. Another example, blackbody radiation is theoretically limited to cavities within crystalline substances. Strangely, neither our Sun’s radiation, nor molten metal are crystalline, or reside in a cavity, yet both are known to radiate blackbody spectrums. Like so many misunderstandings discussed throughout this book, incorrect accepted theory is based upon mathematical assertions rather than some observed reality. A further example being, the above described misunderstanding concerning blackbody radiation has led to the incorrect assertion that homonuclear (N2, O2) do absorb infrared energy, although their heat capacities clearly prove that they do absorb heat. Are we to believe that homonuclear gases only absorb thermal energy when heated, or that infrared energy is not thermal energy? The awkward assertion that homonuclear gases are opaque to thermal radiation has led to absurd misconceptions concerning global warming, that must be addressed if we are to remain on Earth. The above just scratches the surface of what this book reveals to those possessing a fundamental understanding of the sciences. Sadly, the indignity of being wrong may prevent most academics from accepting obvious truths. To which Tolstoy said it best, “I know that most men, including those at ease with problems of the greatest complexity, can seldom accept even the simplest and most obvious truth, if it be such as would oblige them to admit the falsity of conclusions which they have delighted in explaining to colleagues, which they have proudly taught to others, and which they have woven, thread by thread, into the fabric of their lives” Arguably, climate change arguably the biggest issues facing our existence, and therefore, we must get the science right. We no longer have the time to waiting for the screams of human indignity to pass.
