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Human + Machine: Reimagining Work in the Age of AI Kindle Edition

4.4 4.4 out of 5 stars 405 ratings

AI is radically transforming business. Are you ready?

Look around you. Artificial intelligence is no longer just a futuristic notion. It's here right now--in software that senses what we need, supply chains that "think" in real time, and robots that respond to changes in their environment. Twenty-first-century pioneer companies are already using AI to innovate and grow fast. The bottom line is this: Businesses that understand how to harness AI can surge ahead. Those that neglect it will fall behind. Which side are you on?

In Human + Machine, Accenture leaders Paul R. Daugherty and H. James (Jim) Wilson show that the essence of the AI paradigm shift is the transformation of all business processes within an organization--whether related to breakthrough innovation, everyday customer service, or personal productivity habits. As humans and smart machines collaborate ever more closely, work processes become more fluid and adaptive, enabling companies to change them on the fly--or to completely reimagine them. AI is changing all the rules of how companies operate.

Based on the authors' experience and research with 1,500 organizations, the book reveals how companies are using the new rules of AI to leap ahead on innovation and profitability, as well as what you can do to achieve similar results. It describes six entirely new types of hybrid human + machine roles that every company must develop, and it includes a "leader’s guide" with the five crucial principles required to become an AI-fueled business.

Human + Machine provides the missing and much-needed management playbook for success in our new age of AI.

BOOK PROCEEDS FOR THE AI GENERATION
The authors' goal in publishing
Human + Machine is to help executives, workers, students and others navigate the changes that AI is making to business and the economy. They believe AI will bring innovations that truly improve the way the world works and lives. However, AI will cause disruption, and many people will need education, training and support to prepare for the newly created jobs. To support this need, the authors are donating the royalties received from the sale of this book to fund education and retraining programs focused on developing fusion skills for the age of artificial intelligence.

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Editorial Reviews

Review

Named one of the "Best Business Books of 2018" by Fortune CEO Daily

"…the authors bring to life the realities of modern management. Readers gain a tactile sense of how technology changes business over time and why 'the robots are coming' is no scarier an observation than ever before." -- The Wall Street Journal

Advance Praise for Human + Machine:

Klaus Schwab, Founder and Executive Chairman, World Economic Forum--
"A richly detailed guidebook that leaders need to capture the opportunities of AI and the fourth industrial revolution."

Satya Nadella, CEO, Microsoft--
"Daugherty and Wilson advance the conversation we need to have about the future of computer and human collaboration . . . With grounded skill and enthusiasm, the authors have delivered a roadmap that welcomes us to a productive future."

Erik Brynjolfsson, Director, MIT Initiative on the Digital Economy--
"
Human + Machine shines new light on our burning need to reinvent nearly everything about the way we work. Daugherty and Wilson have hands-on experience leading these changes, giving this book an exceptional level of credibility and insight. Have your whole team read it before your competitors do!"

Arianna Huffington, founder and CEO, Thrive Global--
"Daugherty and Wilson give a blueprint for a future in which AI augments our humanity . . . the book is a practical guide to understanding AI--what it means in our lives and how we can make the most of it."

Henning Kagermann, President, acatech; former Chairman and CEO, SAP--
"Daugherty and Wilson answer the fundamental question, how do we help our workforce transition into the age of AI? Without question,
Human + Machine is the handbook you need to move forward."

Missy Cummings, professor, Pratt School of Engineering; Director, Humans and Autonomy Laboratory, Duke University--
"A must-read for business managers who know AI should be a big part of their job but find the topic intimidating and confusing."

Marc Benioff, Chairman and CEO, Salesforce--
"
Human + Machine is a roadmap to the future--read it if you're serious about understanding the impact of AI and how it is driving growth."

Doug McMillon, President and CEO, Walmart--
"
Human + Machine shows how jobs and tasks can be rethought and redesigned such that people and machines achieve more effective, efficient outcomes together. The book's practical and valuable examples bring the future to life."

About the Author

An author, business technology futurist, speaker and Chief Technology & Innovation Officer of Accenture, Paul Daugherty advises the world’s top technology and business leaders on how to continually innovate in an age of unprecedented technology change. In his new book, Human + Machine, Paul and his co-author H. James Wilson share new stories and research from 1500+ organizations.

Product details

  • ASIN ‏ : ‎ B075FCVTRR
  • Publisher ‏ : ‎ Harvard Business Review Press (March 20, 2018)
  • Publication date ‏ : ‎ March 20, 2018
  • Language ‏ : ‎ English
  • File size ‏ : ‎ 1777 KB
  • Text-to-Speech ‏ : ‎ Enabled
  • Screen Reader ‏ : ‎ Supported
  • Enhanced typesetting ‏ : ‎ Enabled
  • X-Ray ‏ : ‎ Not Enabled
  • Word Wise ‏ : ‎ Enabled
  • Sticky notes ‏ : ‎ On Kindle Scribe
  • Print length ‏ : ‎ 246 pages
  • Customer Reviews:
    4.4 4.4 out of 5 stars 405 ratings

About the authors

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Customer reviews

4.4 out of 5 stars
4.4 out of 5
405 global ratings
I hope they're right!
5 Stars
I hope they're right!
This optimistic book explains how AI is going to allow humans and machines to work together as collaborators instead of competitors, and is going to liberate humans from many of the artificial constraints on work left over from the industrial revolution. During the industrial revolution, the authors explain, humans had to adapt to machines. But now, machines can adapt to humans instead thanks to the flexibility of modern machine learning, so that humans and machines can gradually come to work together in a progressively more symbiotic relationship.Throughout the book, the authors press the concept of the "Missing Middle," which is the class of jobs that sits between the jobs that only machines can do and the jobs that only humans can do. In the missing middle, humans and machines cooperate to be more effective than either could be individually, with humans providing judgment and creativity and machines providing processing power, memory, and excellence at automation. The vast majority of jobs in the future will come from the missing middle, and it is only blindness to the existence of the missing middle that causes doomsayers to predict widespread unemployment as a result of AI.To help elucidate the missing middle to corporate leaders, the authors provide the "MELDS" framework, which stands for Mindset, Experimentation, Leadership, Data, and Skills. Through numerous examples, they systematically demonstrate how this framework will help corporate leaders make wise decisions so their companies can leverage artificial intelligence effectively.My only criticism of the book is that the book seemed to assume that the responsibility for AI preparedness rested only with corporate leaders, and they often seemed to act as if the dictates of these leaders would make or break the futures of those lower down in the organization. In this regard, I must disagree, as I believe it is the responsibility of all workers, especially scientists, to educate themselves now on the changes that are coming and to prepare themselves accordingly. That way, even if their organizations fail, they will be able to succeed with a new organization, perhaps even of their own making.In all, I thought it was an excellent book that made potentially complex ideas easy to grasp. The book clarified in my own thinking the various ways that work will change in the near future, and helped me to feel optimistic as well that AI is going to make work more human again.
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Top reviews from the United States

Reviewed in the United States on July 2, 2019
This optimistic book explains how AI is going to allow humans and machines to work together as collaborators instead of competitors, and is going to liberate humans from many of the artificial constraints on work left over from the industrial revolution. During the industrial revolution, the authors explain, humans had to adapt to machines. But now, machines can adapt to humans instead thanks to the flexibility of modern machine learning, so that humans and machines can gradually come to work together in a progressively more symbiotic relationship.

Throughout the book, the authors press the concept of the "Missing Middle," which is the class of jobs that sits between the jobs that only machines can do and the jobs that only humans can do. In the missing middle, humans and machines cooperate to be more effective than either could be individually, with humans providing judgment and creativity and machines providing processing power, memory, and excellence at automation. The vast majority of jobs in the future will come from the missing middle, and it is only blindness to the existence of the missing middle that causes doomsayers to predict widespread unemployment as a result of AI.

To help elucidate the missing middle to corporate leaders, the authors provide the "MELDS" framework, which stands for Mindset, Experimentation, Leadership, Data, and Skills. Through numerous examples, they systematically demonstrate how this framework will help corporate leaders make wise decisions so their companies can leverage artificial intelligence effectively.

My only criticism of the book is that the book seemed to assume that the responsibility for AI preparedness rested only with corporate leaders, and they often seemed to act as if the dictates of these leaders would make or break the futures of those lower down in the organization. In this regard, I must disagree, as I believe it is the responsibility of all workers, especially scientists, to educate themselves now on the changes that are coming and to prepare themselves accordingly. That way, even if their organizations fail, they will be able to succeed with a new organization, perhaps even of their own making.

In all, I thought it was an excellent book that made potentially complex ideas easy to grasp. The book clarified in my own thinking the various ways that work will change in the near future, and helped me to feel optimistic as well that AI is going to make work more human again.
Customer image
5.0 out of 5 stars I hope they're right!
Reviewed in the United States on July 2, 2019
This optimistic book explains how AI is going to allow humans and machines to work together as collaborators instead of competitors, and is going to liberate humans from many of the artificial constraints on work left over from the industrial revolution. During the industrial revolution, the authors explain, humans had to adapt to machines. But now, machines can adapt to humans instead thanks to the flexibility of modern machine learning, so that humans and machines can gradually come to work together in a progressively more symbiotic relationship.

Throughout the book, the authors press the concept of the "Missing Middle," which is the class of jobs that sits between the jobs that only machines can do and the jobs that only humans can do. In the missing middle, humans and machines cooperate to be more effective than either could be individually, with humans providing judgment and creativity and machines providing processing power, memory, and excellence at automation. The vast majority of jobs in the future will come from the missing middle, and it is only blindness to the existence of the missing middle that causes doomsayers to predict widespread unemployment as a result of AI.

To help elucidate the missing middle to corporate leaders, the authors provide the "MELDS" framework, which stands for Mindset, Experimentation, Leadership, Data, and Skills. Through numerous examples, they systematically demonstrate how this framework will help corporate leaders make wise decisions so their companies can leverage artificial intelligence effectively.

My only criticism of the book is that the book seemed to assume that the responsibility for AI preparedness rested only with corporate leaders, and they often seemed to act as if the dictates of these leaders would make or break the futures of those lower down in the organization. In this regard, I must disagree, as I believe it is the responsibility of all workers, especially scientists, to educate themselves now on the changes that are coming and to prepare themselves accordingly. That way, even if their organizations fail, they will be able to succeed with a new organization, perhaps even of their own making.

In all, I thought it was an excellent book that made potentially complex ideas easy to grasp. The book clarified in my own thinking the various ways that work will change in the near future, and helped me to feel optimistic as well that AI is going to make work more human again.
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Reviewed in the United States on May 11, 2018
Many companies are already using or intending to use Artificial Intelligence (AI). AI is defined by the authors, Daugherty and Wilson of Accenture, as “systems that extend human capability by sensing, comprehending, acting, and learning.”
There is a widespread misconception that AI systems will gradually replace humans in one industry after another. However, the author’s research indicates that although AI can be used to automate certain functions, the technology’s greater power is in complementing and augmenting human capabilities. Rather than replace the need for humans, AI will perform the tedious grunt work, collecting data and doing the preliminary analysis, and so free human being to perform work only they can.
A brief overview of the evolution of businesses is necessary to position the authors’ insights.
The first wave of business transformation involved standardized processes. Henry Ford’s extraordinary contribution was to deconstruct the manufacture of automobiles so that they could be made on an assembly lines powered by men. With each step made measurable, the assembly line could be optimized, and standardized with enormous gains in efficiencies.
The second wave was the automation of processes that began in the 1970s and reached its peak in the 1990s. This ‘business process re-engineering’, was propelled by the ubiquity of computers, large databases and the automation of numerous back-office tasks. Many people were replaced by machines. At the time Walmart was the gold standard.
The third wave rests on the previous two waves, but is a completely new way of doing business. This combination will adapt to the behaviours, preferences, and needs of workers at a given moment. It will be powered by real-time data rather than by a pre-organized sequence of steps.
When this third wave is optimised, it will allow organizations who take full advantage of AI. They will be able to produce individualized products and services which are satisfying beyond the capabilities of the mass-production of the past. And deliver more profit.
The difference can be compared to travelling to a destination you are unfamiliar with. In the past, you used a map-book, and then you used the early version of the GPS, which was very similar to a map under glass. The third wave is like ‘Waze’. It is a combination of AI algorithms and real-time data to create a living, dynamic, optimized map to get you to your destination on the quickest route possible at that exact time. Waze doesn’t replace the driver; rather it amplifies our navigation skills and collaborates with us to achieve productivity gains in navigation that have previously not been possible.
“Humans and machines aren’t adversaries, fighting for each other’s jobs. Instead, they are symbiotic partners, each pushing the other to higher levels of performance,” the authors demonstrate.
Infused with AI, factories, for example, are acquiring more humanity, with jobs changing in nature and increasing in number. But AI is also creating brand new roles and new opportunities for people up and down the industrial and even the back-office value chain.
In the past engineers would have to program a robot and then re-program it when the job changes. The new robotic arms, developed in Japan, adapt on their own using an AI technique called ‘deep reinforcement learning’, which involves giving the robot a picture of the desired outcome; and then the robot uses trial and error to figure out how to do this. The robot takes 8 hours to become 90% proficient, and then can ‘teach’ hundreds of other robots in the network! The arm is now an autodidact, freeing humans for other tasks.
Mechanical arms are perfect for highly repetitive and heavy tasks. However, there are always a subset of tasks that are just too complex to program into a robot. This could be a factory-floor task such as positioning numerous small wires or handling awkward or dynamic objects. Or, it could be a back-office task that requires judgment, after the AI-programmed computer performs an analysis from a data set too large for a person to manage. A human is still needed in the loop.
In a pilot project using AI to analyse big data and workers’ routines, Hitachi was able to instruct employees to meet real-time fluctuating demand and on-site kaizen objectives. This produced an 8% productivity improvement in logistics tasks.
With all the benefits of the third wave, we need to have a much deeper understanding of how humans and machines must collaborate so that people are augmented and not replaced. The authors call this the “missing middle”. There is lots of information and excitement about AI and “almost no one talks about…how to fill this crucial gap.”
The authors’ method requires five deliberate changes which can be summarised by the acronym MELDS.
The first is a change of ‘Mindset’. This requires reimagining the work, then discovering how people can improve AI, and how smart machines can give humans superpowers. You can get to your destination as rapidly as possible even if you don’t know the way, or the number of cars on the route, or that an accident has occurred that will block the short cut.
The second change is “Experimentation”. Businesses need to be actively looking for parts of processes where AI can be introduced, and then learn and scale that process, with the enhancing power of people. Only people could conceive of the entirely new, such as the agricultural model - the “vertical farm” - in which plants are grown in thirty-foot-high stacks of trays in urban warehouses.
The third change is the responsible use of AI by the “Leadership” of the business. It is too easy to look for the next quarter’s improvement, and overlook the long-term catastrophe of unemployed people.
The fourth change is to see “Data” in its rightful place. Data is the fuel of any intelligent system and, not unlike fossil fuel, requires the building of a data “supply chain” to ensure efficient delivery. Data is not a static body, but an ever growing one that requires the same attention to delivery that is required of any other resource.
The fifth change involves a new set of eight “Skills” that need developing, that the authors call ‘fusion skills’. Each skill draws on the fusion of human talent and machine ability within a business process, to create better outcomes than could be achieved working independently. These skills are more than learning what the machine can do; rather it is the machine learning from the person and the person learning from the machine.
“The AI revolution is not coming; it is already here, and it is about reimagining your processes, across all functions of the company, to get the most benefit from this technology’s power to augment human capability.”
This book not only makes fascinating reading about the AI revolution, it offers a coherent and practical tool to get the most out of the human and machine interaction. That said, we face the frightening reality of huge unemployment, growing by hundreds of thousands annually. The ‘Leadership’ element of the model have a Herculean challenge.
Readability Light ---+- Serious
Insights High -+--- Low
Practical High -+--- Low

*Ian Mann of Gateways consults internationally on leadership and strategy and is the author of the recently released ‘Executive Update.
16 people found this helpful
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Reviewed in the United States on May 30, 2019
This Harvard Business School published book is a good survey, by 2 well connected Accenture consultants, of the state of integration of AI into all facets of work circa 2017 (book went to press in ‘18). Daugherty and Wilson argue that we are in the midst of what they call the "Third Wave" in business transformation - the first two being Standardized Process, and Automation, respectively. The authors make much of what they call the "missing middle" - that area where machines and people will need to interact to create real value. The book is full of examples of firms who are leveraging AI, and suggests that companies will find ways to retrain, or otherwise take care of those whose jobs disappear, or change significantly as a function of workplace AI integration. Highly recommended for those unfamiliar with AI, and its role in business, and those looking for ways to improve productivity. The view in this work is positive, perhaps overly so, for those who will be displaced. That said, AI is coming - we will all need to be ready for it.
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Reviewed in the United States on April 20, 2018
Technology has been helping people for decades, even going back to the lightbulb and automating processes in factories. With AI, smart machines are becoming more intelligent and are providing superhuman capabilities to help people. In this management playbook, the authors discuss how AI has the power to transform business processes and thus reshape entire industries through human + machine collaboration. This is creating the third wave of business transformation which can be a competitive advantage for companies. The authors share many examples of how AI can transform business processes in many industries. The key to success is when business leaders use AI responsibly, re-skill employees to take on new jobs, and follow operational principles when implementing AI.
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Top reviews from other countries

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Adriana
5.0 out of 5 stars It is a must read book
Reviewed in Mexico on May 1, 2023
if you would like to understand how the organizations will work and will be more efficient collaborating with AI
SERGIO PORCIUNCULA
5.0 out of 5 stars Excelente !!!
Reviewed in Brazil on December 5, 2019
Livro essencial para quem quer estar atualizado sobre os rumos da IA.
Reader!
5.0 out of 5 stars Recommended
Reviewed in India on February 26, 2019
My first impression was it might have a technical book on AI. To my surprise, the authors have explained the subject in a very simple language and have given useful insights on AI. The last chapter is devoted to the interaction between humans and AI,onhow best this association can be leveraged. There research proves that the growth of AI would lead to loss of jobs which require repetitive tasks and create more value added jobs for humans. AI would not take away the jobs, but help humans to become better at their jobs and focus on moire useful tasks. Machines learning is here to stay, but they to need humans to interpret the results derived from data, which have been provided by humans. Its worth reading this book from the HBR shelf.
3 people found this helpful
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Utkarsh
5.0 out of 5 stars Simple and to the point
Reviewed in Germany on January 6, 2019
Excellent read, gives a good perspective of the roles humans will have to play in future businesses and what skills would be required
Steven Seal
5.0 out of 5 stars Great insight into the next phase of our working lives and what that will look like.
Reviewed in the United Kingdom on January 5, 2019
Will write an update when I've finished, but so far some very quotable and insightful examples and theories.
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